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A |     Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。    视频加载中...中央广播电视总台央视综合频道1月7日晚播出电视专题片《反腐为了人民》第三集《揭开腐败隐身衣》。从查处的腐败案件看,一些腐败分子与行贿人之间达成一种默契,以系统特殊性、行业“潜规则”掩盖权钱交易,在请托办事时含糊其辞,在贿赂数额上笼统模糊,故意互不挑明,其实彼此之间心知肚明、心照不宣、心领神会。医药领域存在的收受医药供应商回扣问题,就是其中的典型。医药卫生事业关系亿万人民的健康权益,这是人民群众最根本的利益之一。医药领域腐败问题既严重掣肘了医疗、医保、医药事业高质量发展,也严重败坏了医疗卫生行业乃至党和政府形象。纪检监察机关配合开展全国医药领域腐败问题集中整治,精准发力、重拳出击,不断净化医药领域政治生态和行业生态,保障人民群众的健康权益。王茂生,2013年4月至2022年6月,曾任广东省茂名市高州市人民医院党委书记、院长,高州市人大常委会党组成员、副主任。

B | 对他的审查调查,源于茂名市纪委监委在办理其他案件时,一名涉案商人交代曾向王茂生行贿200多万元。茂名市纪委监委对涉医疗腐败问题线索高度重视,调取和高州市人民医院有业务往来的数百家供应商资料,排查发现,王茂生利用职权为多家供应商在药品、耗材、医疗器械的采购以及工程建设等方面提供帮助,从中收受回扣。让他们没有想到的是,王茂生多年收受的回扣竟高达2亿余元。王茂生从医近40年,早年是茂名市人民医院著名的心胸外科专家,由于技术精湛被誉为“王一刀”。2013年,媒体曝光了高州市人民医院医药采购回扣门事件,正副院长都被免职追责,王茂生临危受命调任该院担任党委书记、院长。这个任命本来是期望他能以“王一刀”的权威和果断,向不良风气开刀。但遗憾的是,从手术台到管理岗位的他,位置变了,思想也在变,最终自己也深陷回扣门。首先找上门来的,是王茂生之前就认识的一个医药供应商许灿。

C | 听说王茂生当了院长,许灿立即联系了他,直白地请托他关照。

D | 涉案商人 许灿:恭喜他当院长、当领导了,能不能安排一点生意做做,他也没拒绝,他就说先等他摸清楚情况。除了老相识,也不断有人想方设法想要成为他的新朋友。后来向王茂生行贿金额最大的医药供应商李少刊就是其中之一。李少刊当过医生,以聊医学为名频繁找王茂生聊天,其实双方都清楚他到底想聊什么。

E | 能不能把自己代理的产品送进医院,关系到的利益相当大,因此有些不良供应商不惜拿出业务额的一部分来行贿,这就是所谓的带金销售。当时,王茂生身兼院党委书记、院长,在医院内部人事任命、资金使用、医药采购等方面都拥有绝对的话语权和决策权。虽说医药采购程序有相关制度规定,但在实际操作中都被架空。失控的欲望加上失控的权力,导致严重的腐败也就在所难免。高州市人民医院是一家三级甲等综合性公立医院,医疗服务覆盖高州及周边广大城乡地区,每年的采购体量不小。

F | 虽然有2013年回扣门事件的前车之鉴,但在重金引诱下,王茂生还是铤而走险。只不过为了防范被查处,他费尽心思用各种方式来遮掩受贿行为。王茂生大部分受贿所得都是找人代持,行贿人在广州、湛江、茂名等地为他购买多套房产、商铺,全部登记在别人名下。

G | 他还让医药供应商把部分钱存到以他人名义开的证券账户,但却是他在实际控制。收的现金怎么藏,王茂生也动了一番脑筋。他让李少刊出资在当地给他买了套房,装修时在阳台上专门设计了一个隐蔽的夹层用来藏收受的钱款,外边再用柜子遮挡。

H | 然而,王茂生所有精心隐藏的贪腐行为,最终都像这个夹层一样,被专案组揭开了外表的伪装,暴露在光天化日之下,他的全部赃款赃物也被追缴归案。广东省高州市人民医院原党委书记、院长 王茂生:你有贪欲,而且还见钱眼开,欲壑难填,内心的这种良知给这种贪欲所遮蔽了,所以我进来了也是罪有应得。

I | 王茂生案揭示出部分医药用品采购中仍然存在滋生腐败的空间,不良医药供应商行贿的花费被转嫁到经营成本当中,直接侵害了群众的利益。涉案商人 李少刊:回扣你不可能无缘无故送给他,那都是打在经营成本里面的。损害的一个是老百姓,一个就是国家,国家医保要支付很多钱。茂名市纪委监委针对这些案件暴露出的问题进行系统梳理,提出对策建议,同时在卫健系统深入开展警示教育,推动市卫健部门开展以案促改促治工作,包括健全药事委员会决策机制,落实医疗卫生系统物资采购、招投标等相关制度和流程,切实推进国家医药集中采购落地见效等根本性举措,有效挤压了采购价格里的水分,也大大压缩了滋生腐败的空间。

J | 截至目前,茂名市医疗机构次均住院费用同比下降7.49%,医药费用同比下降6.69%,群众负担明显减轻。相关阅读电视专题片《反腐为了人民》第三集《揭开腐败隐身衣》妻子实控投资34家公司!唐一军大搞权钱交易出镜忏悔“无地自容”©2025中央广播电视总台版权所有。未经许可,请勿转载使用。责任编辑:迟晓涵。

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